Dual Ionic Transport Using Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ Signalling for Molecular Communication Systems

Astrocytes have the ability to modulate neuronal communication by regulating various levels of ionic concentrations. The development models for molecular ought investigate utilisation transportation mechanisms, with aim enhancing performance and biocompatibility, thereby facilitating co-existence within cellular tissues. In this study, we suggest both Ca 2+ Na xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+ ions non-linearities propagation in tissues MC. also investigated impact transport including sodium-calcium exchanger, sodium-potassium pump, calcium assess their on intracellular . We analysed four metrics, namely channel capacity, bit error rate (BER), gain, signal-to-noise ratio, evaluate effects these structures.